ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES 2003-04 (PART I & PART II)
The important findings of the Annual Survey of Industries for the year 2003-04, are given below.
ABSENTEEISM
1. The rate of absenteeism among directly employed regular workers increased to 10.01 per cent during 2003 from 9.61 per cent during 2002.
2. The absenteeism rate was reported to be more than 12 per cent in Delhi, Maharashtra, Goa, Jharkhand and Kerala, whereas it was recorded at less than 5 per cent in Nagaland, Tripura, Manipur and Meghalaya. In North-Eastern States, the absenteeism rate was reported to be lower than rest of the regions in the country.
3. At the industry level, the rate of absenteeism was reported to be more than 14 per cent in the industry group ‘160-Manufacture of the tobacco products’ and less than 6 per cent in industry group ‘014-Agricultural and animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities’.
LABOUR TURNOVER
4. The overall accession rate during 2003 was 16.79 per cent as compared to 15.44 per cent during 2002. The overall separation rate during 2003 was 18.11 per cent as compared to 16.57 per cent during 2002.
5. The lowest rate of accession and separation was observed in Tripura, whereas the highest rate of accession and separation was recorded in Punjab.
6. The highest rate of accession and separation was recorded in the industry group ‘014-Agricultural and animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities’, whereas the lowest rate of accession and separation was recorded in the industry group ‘243–Manufacture of man-made fibres’ and ‘353-Manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft’, respectively.
EMPLOYMENT
7. During the year 2003-04, the total labour force in the manufacturing establishments was estimated to be about 6 million. Female workers constituted 14.70 per cent, while children constituted just 0.01 per cent of the total work force in the manufacturing industries.
8. Majority of workers was reported in Private Sector (90.91 per cent), followed by Public Sector (4.67 per cent) and Joint Sector (4.41 per cent).
9. The highest percentage of women workers was reported in Kerala and in industry group ‘181-Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel’.
10. More than 50 per cent of workers were employed in just five States, viz., Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh and just 7 industry groups ‘171–Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles’, ‘154–Manufacture of other food products’, ‘160–Manufacture of tobacco products’, ‘242-Manufacture of other chemical products’, ‘181-Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel’, ‘269-Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.’ and ‘271-Manufacture of basic iron and steel’.
11. About 25 per cent of the total workers were employed through contractors, out of which, 94.26 per cent were employed in the Private Sector, 2.34 per cent in Public Sector and remaining 3.40 per cent Joint Sector.
12. A total of about 1.26 lakh units were reported under the manufacturing industries, out of which, 21.70 per cent factories reported contract workers, whereas only 0.02 per cent factories reported child workers in their establishments.
LABOUR COST
13. The average labour cost in respect of all employees was recorded at Rs. 305.89, out of which, the employers spent Rs. 233.71 on wages/salaries, Rs. 12.58 on bonus, Rs. 37.08 towards the employees’ provident fund and Rs. 22.52 as workmen and staff welfare expenses for each manday worked by an employee.
14. The Average labour cost in Public Sector manufacturing industries was Rs. 660.61 as against Rs. 578.01 in Joint Sector and only Rs. 268.37 in Private Sector manufacturing industries.
15. The average labour cost was reported highest in three newly created States of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttaranchal, whereas it was reported to be lowest in North-Eastern States.
16. The average labour cost was reported to be highest in industry group ‘353-Manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft’ and lowest in industry group ‘160-Manufacture of the tobacco products’.
17. The percentage shares of different components of labour cost to total labour cost were 76.40 per cent on wages/salaries, 4.11 per cent on bonus, 12.12 per cent on provident and other funds and remaining 7.36 per cent towards staff welfare expenses.
18. Labour cost constituted 6.82 per cent of the total cost of production during the year 2003-04. The percentage of labour cost to total cost of production was 10.71 per cent in Public Sector, 6.67 per cent in Joint Sector and 6.48 per cent in Private Sector manufacturing industries.
19. The highest wages/salaries per manday worked to all workers was reported in Jharkhand at Rs. 429.63, followed by Uttaranchal at Rs. 270.26 and Maharashtra at Rs. 228.81.
20. It is further observed that the wages/salaries per manday worked was recorded more or less the lowest in the North-Eastern States/Union Territories for all categories of employees.
21. The wages/salaries per mandays worked of women workers was recorded to be more than that of their male counterpart in 4 States/Union Territories, viz., Chandigarh, Uttaranchal, Meghalaya and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.