ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES, 2001-02 VOL. II : REPORT ON , ABSENTEEISM LABOUR  TURNOVER, EMPLOYMENT AND LABOUR COST IN CENSUS SECTOR
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

1.        Census of Manufacturing Industries (CMI), under the Industrial Statistics Act, 1942 was started in 1946 in which 29 groups of Industries, out of a total of 63 industry groups, were covered annually till 1958.  On the same lines, the Directorate of National Sample Survey conducted Sample Survey of Manufacturing Industries from 1949 to 1958 in all the 63 industry groups except those belonging to the Railways and Defence.

2.        The Industrial Statistics Act, 1942 was subsequently repealed by the Collection of Statistics Act, 1953, which envisages conduct of a nation-wide Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) to provide a sound data base for estimation of the contribution of the manufacturing sector to the national income.

3.        Part-II of the ASI Schedule, in which the statistics are collected on Absenteeism, Labour Turnover, Employment, Earnings and Labour Cost, including Welfare Expenses and Bonus, etc., was launched with effect from the ASI 1961 both in Census and Sample Sector.  However, Sample Sector was dropped because of the non-availability of detailed statistics. Sample Sector in ASI was reintroduced from ASI 1976-77 and the Labour Bureau started bringing out reports on Sample Sector and Census Sector, separately, with effect from the 1977-78 round of the Annual Survey of Industries.  

4.        At present all factories registered under sections 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 and the establishments registered under the Bidi & Cigar Workers Act, 1966 are covered under the ASI.  All units employing 100 or more workers and industries in five industrially less developed States/Union Territories, viz., Manipur Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura and Andaman Nicobar Islands are covered under Census Sector and the remaining units are covered under Sample Sector.

 

5.        The main objective of ASI (Labour Part) is to build factual, comprehensive and systematic series of data on Absenteeism; Labour Turnover; Employment; Earnings, Labour Cost and Cost of Production.

 

6.        The present report relates to 2001-02 round of the Annual Survey of Industries in respect of Census Sector and throws out data on Absenteeism, Labour Turnover, Employment and Labour Cost. Based on the results at the aggregate level, the salient trends emerging at by States, Industries and by Sectors have been analysed and presented in this Report.

 

7.        The rate of absenteeism among directly employed regular workers during the year 2001 was observed to be at 9.95 percent.  Highest absenteeism rate of 16.91 percent was reported in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, whereas, the lowest rate of 1.62 percent was recorded in Nagaland.  Among industries, highest absenteeism rate was reported in industry group ‘160-Manufacture of tobacco products’ at 12.97 percent, whereas the lowest rate was recorded in industry group ‘223-Reproduction of recorded media' at 1.24 percent.

 

8.        During the year 2001, at all India level, the annual rate of accession was reported at 12.84 percent, whereas, overall separation rate during this period was recorded at 16.37 percent, indicating thereby an decrease of around 3.53 percent in overall employment in Census Sector during the year.

                     

9.        During the year 2001-02, the total work force in the Census Sector establishments was estimated at 3.54 million, out of which about 82.44 percent was employed in Private Sector, 6.98 percent in Joint Sector and remaining 10.59 percent in Public Sector.

 

10.       Directly employed male, female and child workers accounted for 62.70 percent, 15.82 percent and 0.01 percent of the total workers, respectively.

 

11.       About 21.48 percent of the total workers in Census Sector were engaged through contractors. Private Sector employed 23.22 percent of the workers on contract basis. In Public Sector, only 10.36 percent workers were employed through contractors, while in Joint Sector, 17.84 percent of workers were employed through contractors. 

 

12.       It is observed that more than 56.72 percent of the total workers were employed in just five States, viz., Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Gujarat.  Like-wise, more than 50 percent of the total workers were employed in just five industry groups, viz., '171-Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles', ‘160-Manufacture of tobacco products', ‘154-Manufacture of other food products', ‘271-Manufacture of basic iron and steel' and '181-Manufacture of weaving apparel, except fur apparel'. 

 

13.       All the workers worked a total of about 1112 million mandays during the year 2001-02 in the Census Sector. Private Sector accounted for 81.91 percent of the mandays worked; Joint Sector 7.33 percent, while Public Sector accounted for the remaining 10.76 percent of the mandays worked.

 

14.       The average labour cost per manday worked during the year 2001-02 stood at Rs. 242.36 at the all India level.

 

15.       Average labour cost per manday worked was highest in Public Sector at Rs. 423.99, followed by that in Joint Sector at Rs. 390.69 and in Private Sector at Rs. 205.23. 

 

16.       The highest labour cost per manday worked was reported in Jharkhand at Rs. 466.23 and in the industry group '353-Manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft' at Rs. 812.85.  The lowest labour cost was reported in Manipur at Rs. 60.62 and in the industry group ‘160-Manufacture of tobacco products‘ at Rs. 63.59. 

17.      At all India level, wages/salaries accounted for 74.98 percent; bonus 4.31 percent; provident and other funds 13.40 percent and staff welfare expenses 7.31 percent of the total labour cost during the year 2001-02.

 

18.       At all India level, average amount of bonus paid per manday worked by workers was reported at Rs. 12.17.  Sector-wise average amount of bonus paid per manday worked was reported to be Rs. 13.26 in Public Sector, Rs. 20.00 in Joint Sector and Rs. 11.42 in Private Sector. 

 

19.       At all India level, labour cost on workers constituted 4.95 percent of the total cost of production.  Sector-wise percentage of labour cost on workers to total cost of production was 6.70 percent in Public Sector, 4.64 percent in Joint Sector and 4.67 percent in Private Sector.