Table 4.1.1 presents state-wise and sector-wise employment in Sample Sector during the year 2001-02. At the all India level, the contribution of Public Sector, Joint Sector and Private Sector was 1.15 percent, 1.42 percent and 97.43 percent, respectively, of the total employment in factory sector. At the State level, Private Sector was the major source of employment as its contribution to the total employment in States varied from a minimum of 90.09 percent in Himachal Pradesh to a maximum of 100.00 percent in Daman & diu, Goa and Pondicherry.  Contribution of the Public Sector in employment ranged from a mere 0.07 percent of the total employment in Dadar & Nagar Haveli to a maximum of 7.51 percent in Chhattisgarh. The share of Joint Sector in total employment ranged between the highest of 6.45 percent in Himachal Pradesh and the lowest of 0.13 percent in Gujarat.

 4.3     Employment in Sectors by Industries 

     Table 4.1.2 presents Industry-wise and Sector-wise employment in Sample Sector during the year 2001-02. Out of a total of 62 industry groups, Private Sector made a significant contribution by providing 100 percent of total employment in 16 industry groups. Contribution of Private Sector in providing employment ranged between a minimum of 61.26 percent in industry group ‘232-Manufacture of refined petroleum products‘ to a maximum of 100 percent in 16 industry groups. Contribution of Public Sector in employment generation was highest at 17.43 percent in industry group ‘232-Manufacture of refined petroleum products‘, followed by industry groups '152–Manufacture of dairy products’ (14.84 percent) and '351-Building and repair of ships & boats' (10.46 percent). The contribution of the Joint Sector in total employment of the respective industry group was the highest in industries group '232–Manufacture of refined petroleum products‘ (21.32 percent) followed by industry group '152–Manufacture of dairy products’ (17.52 percent). 

4.4           Employment in States 

It may be seen from the Table 4.1.1 that just four states, viz., Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu accounted for more than 50 percent of the total employment in the factory sector during the year 2001-02. Tamil Nadu accounted for the highest employment (18.05 percent) followed by Maharashtra (12.91 percent), Andhra Pradesh (11.38 percent) and Gujarat (11.24 percent). Minimum contribution in employment was reported from Chandigarh (0.09 percent) followed by Himachal Pradesh (0.16 percent) and Jammu & Kashmir (0.18 percent). 

The highest percentage of employment of woman workers was reported in Kerala (36.85 percent) followed by Tamil Nadu (34.68 percent) and Goa (30.11 percent). Out of 26 States/Union Territories, only 6 States/Union Territories reported employment of woman workers more than the national average of 13.62 percent.  Employment of children was reported only in three States. The percentage of children was reported at 0.33 percent in Assam while negligible percentage of these workers was reported in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. 

4.5           Employment in Industries

It is observed from the Table 4.1.2 that out of 62 industries groups, just 9 industry groups accounted for more than 50 percent of the total employment in Sample Sector.  The highest contribution to the total employment was made by the industry group '171–Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles' (9.83 percent), followed by industry groups '153–Manufacture of grain mill products, starches and starch products, and prepared animal feeds‘ (9.00 percent), '269-Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.' (8.20 percent), '242-Manufacture of other chemical products' (6.64 percent) and '154-Manufacture of other food products' (5.81 percent). On the other hand, the lowest contribution of 0.002 percent in total employment was reported in industry group ‘182-Dressing and dyeing of fur; manufacture of articles of fur’. 

The highest percentage of employment of woman workers in respective industry group was reported in industry group ‘181-Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel’ (42.45 percent) followed by industry group ‘333-Manufacture of watches and clocks' (38.03 percent) and ‘192-Manufacture of footwear’ (36.26 percent).  Four industry groups, viz., ‘142-Mining and quarrying, n.e.c.‘, ‘342-Manufacturing of bodies (coach work) for motor vehicles, manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers’, ‘353-Manufacture of air craft and spacecraft' and ‘371-Recycling of metal waste and scrap’, did not employ any woman workers. 

Employment of child workers was reported, only in three industry groups, viz., '154-Manufacture of other food products’, ‘269-Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c.’ and  ‘400-Miscellaneous industry group’.    

4.6     Employment of Contract Workers by States 

Sector-wise employment of contract workers in different States is presented in Table 4.2.1.  It is observed that at all India level, about 22.21 percent of the total work force were employed through contractors.  The practice of employing workers through contractors was more prevalent in the Private Sector, wherein, 22.30 percent of the workers were employed through contractors. In Public Sector, around 21.06 percent workers were employed through contractors, while in the Joint Sector, only 16.66 percent of the workers were employed through contractors.  Among States, Bihar employed highest percentage of contract workers (63.14 percent), followed by Haryana (37.47 percent), Chandigarh (32.77 percent) and Gujarat (30.74 percent).  The lowest percentage of contract workers was employed in Delhi (3.93 percent), followed by Jharkhand (5.86 percent) and Himachal Pradesh (5.97 percent). 

At all India level, around 97.85 percent of the total contract workers were employed in Private Sector, whereas only 1.09 percent of the contract workers were employed in Public Sector and remaining 1.06 percent in Joint Sector. 

4.7     Employment of Contract Workers by Industries 

     The Industry-wise employment of contract workers is shown in Table 4.2.2.  It is observed that the percentage of contract workers to total workers in respective industry group was the highest at 89.58 percent in the industry group ‘182-Dressing and dyeing of fur, manufacture of articles of fur‘, followed by industry groups ‘342-Manufacture of bodies (coach work) for motor vehicles; manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers’ (55.89 percent) and '261-Manufacture of glass and glass products' (53.23 percent). The industry group ‘353-Manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft‘ did not employ any contract worker, whereas, the industry group ‘333-Manufacture watches and clocks’ employed only 2.07 percent of workers on contract basis. 

4.8     Mandays Worked by Sectors  

State-wise, Industry-wise and Sector-wise statistics on total number of mandays worked and the percentage of mandays worked by category of workers during the year 2001-02 are presented in Tables 4.3.1 and 4.3.2.  The mandays worked have been obtained by summing up the attendance of all workers working in each shift on all working days for both manufacturing and non-manufacturing working days.

 It may be seen that in Sample Sector, all the workers worked a total of 688.98 million mandays during the year 2001-02.  It may be noticed that mandays worked followed almost the same pattern as that of the employment.  At all India level, like employment, Private Sector accounted for 97.56 percent of the total mandays worked, Joint Sector contributed 1.24 percent of the mandays worked while the remaining 1.21 percent of the mandays were contributed by Public Sector. A total of 65.76 percent mandays were worked by men, 12.98 percent by women and only 0.01 percent by children. Contact workers contributed 21.26 percent of mandays in the total mandays worked in Sample Sector.