ANNUAL SURVEY OF INDUSTRIES 2004-05 VOL.II
TREND TABLES
Sector-wise, state-wise and industry-wise trends in respect of various characteristics viz. average daily employment; wages/salaries per mandays worked; average labour cost; proportion of labour cost to total cost of production; absenteeism and labour turnover have been presented in Tables 7.1 to 7.6. A brief analysis of these data has been presented in the succeeding paragraphs.
7.1 Average Daily Employment
Table 7.1 depicts the trend of average daily employment of different categories of workers as well as all employees. At all India level, the average daily employment of all employees, all workers, directly employed men and children generally declined over the preceding five years from 1999-2000 to 2003-04 but all the categories except children registered an increase during the current year i.e. 2004-05. The average daily employment of directly employed women and contract workers was reported to have gone up steadily. While the average daily employment of all employees in respect of the Private Sector has gone up from about 7 lakh during 1999-2000 to more than 8 lakh in 2004-05, the same in the case of Public and the Joint Sectors has exhibited a gradual decrease.
Amongst major employment generating industry groups, overall Average Daily employment has declined in two industry groups, viz., ‘154-Manufacture of other food products’, ‘171-Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles’. Increasing trend in respect of women workers has been noticed in industry groups ‘154-Manufacture of other food products’, ’160-Manufacture of tobacco products’, ‘171-Spining,weaving and finishing of textiles’ and ‘181-Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel’, whereas it was decreasing trend in industry group ‘271-Manufacture of Basic Iron & Steel’. Average daily employment has increased in the case of contract workers in industry group ‘154-Manufacture of other food products’, ‘171-Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles’ and ‘181-Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel’, but it decreased in respect of male workers in the industry group ’160-Manufacture of tobacco products’.
The average daily employment of contract workers has increased in all the States except in States of Bihar, Tripura and Jharkhand.
7.2 Wage/Salaries Rates
Table 7.2 presents trend in wages/salaries per manday worked by all categories of employees by industry, State and Sectors.
It is observed that there has been an increase in wage rates of all categories of employees except child workers in almost all industry groups and States over the years. There has been an increasing trend in wage rates in all the sectors; however, the highest increase in wage rates was registered at about 79 per cent in the Joint Sector followed by about 50 per cent in Public Sector and 40 per cent in the Private Sector.
7.3 Average Labour Cost
Table 7.3 gives trend in average labour cost per manday worked by employees by industry, State and Sectors. It is observed that there has been an increase in average labour cost in more or less all the industry groups and States. The average labour cost has registered an increasing trend in all the sectors. The highest increase in average labour cost was recorded at about 85 per cent in the Private Sector, followed by about 64 per cent in the Public Sector and about 35 per cent in the Joint Sectors.
7.4 Percentage of Labour Cost on Employees to Total Cost of production
Table 7.4 presents trend in the percentage of labour cost to total cost of production by Industry, State and Sectors.
At all India level, there is a slide down in the percentage of labour cost to total cost of production during the period from 1999-2000 to 2004-05. At the sector level too, more or less, a similar pattern is witnessed in all the sectors.
There is a decreasing trend in the percentage of labour cost to total cost of production in major employment generating States and industry groups, except the industry groups ‘160-Manufacture of tobacco products’, ‘173-Manufacture of Knitted and crocheted fabrics and articles’ and ‘181-Manufacture of wearing apparel, except fur apparel’.
7.5 Percentage of Absenteeism and Labour Turnover
Table 7.5 depicts trend in the percentage of absenteeism and labour turnover by Industry, State and Sectors.
At all India level, the trend in absenteeism and labour turnover rates is more or less stable. At the sector level also, there is a marginal increase/decrease in the percentage of absenteeism, accession and separation.
Amongst major employment generating industry groups, the trend is increasing in absenteeism rates in one industry group ‘160-Manufacture of the tobacco products’ and decreasing in one industry groups, viz. ‘171-Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles. The trend in accession rates have been observed to be stable in all the industries, whereas it is decreasing in industry groups ‘171-Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles’. Similarly, the trend in separation rates has been observed to be stable in all industries whereas it is decreasing in industry group ’271-Manufacture of Basic Iron & Steel’.
Amongst major employment generating States, there is a decreasing trend in absenteeism rates in Tamil Nadu. The trend in accession rates has been observed to be increasing in Karnataka, whereas the trend in separation rates has been observed to be decreasing in Tamil Nadu.
7.6 Number of Reporting factories
Table 7.6 presents data depicting trends on number of reporting factories, percentage of factories employing contract and child workers and percentage of factories paying or incurring expenses on bonus, provident funds and welfare fund.
A general increase in the percentage of factories employing Contract workers has been noticed at all India level and also in all the sectors over the years. It is observed that the percentage of factories paying bonus is decreasing in all the sectors. It is further seen that the percentage of factories paying or incurring expenses on Provident Fund and welfare expenses is decreasing in the Private Sector, but increasing in Public and Joint Sectors.