Labour Bureau Government of India

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CHAPTER-III

LABOUR TURNOVER

Labour Turnover is an important parameter indicating the over all health of an industry or an establishment in terms of wages, industrial relations, working conditions and other welfare facilities provided to the workers.  Labour turnover measures the extent of change in the work force due to accession (total number of workers added to employment) and separation (severance of employment at the instance of workers or employers) during a particular period. Statistics relating to labour turnover, showing the rates of accession and separation in respect of the directly employed regular workers, average number of employment of workers and the percentage of factories reporting labour turnover during the year 2000, have been presented in Tables 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.3 and 3.1.4.  State-wise, Industry-wise and Sector-wise analysis of Labour Turnover is given below:

3.1         Labour Turnover in States

State-wise Labour Turnover among directly employed regular workers during the year 2000 is presented in Table 3.1.1. At all India level, around 62 percent of the factories reported Labour Turnover. At all India level, the rate of accession during the year 2000 was recorded as 21.41 percent as against 20.52 percent during the year 1999, whereas, overall separation rate was reported as 20.52 percent as against 20.31 percent in 1999, indicating thereby, a net increase of around 0.89 percent in the employment of directly employed regular workers in Sample sector during the year.  It is, however, observed that the increase in employment of directly employed regular workers was only because of net 1.01 percent increase in employment in Private Sector.  As far as Public Sector and Joint Sectors were concerned, both these sectors witnessed a net decrease in employment of such workers by 5.48 percent and 2.57 percent, respectively.

Among States, the highest rates of accession and separation were observed in Punjab (48.89 percent and 43.09 percent, respectively) followed by Haryana (34.39 percent and 32.87 percent, respectively) and Jammu & Kashmir (31.70 percent and 31.11 percent, respectively). The lowest rate of accession and separation were recorded in Assam (6.74 percent and 3.87 percent, respectively) followed by West Bengal (7.74 percent and 7.89 percent, respectively).  Out of 26 States, only 8 States witnessed a decrease in employment of directly employed regular workers during the year, as reflected by higher rate of separation as compared to accession in the State.

3.2  Labour Turnover in Industries

Industry-wise rates of accession and separation during the year 2000 have been presented in Table 3.1.2.  During 2000, the highest rate of accession was recorded in industry group '014-Agriculture and animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities' (80.32 percent) and the lowest rate was reported in industry group '371-Recycling of metal waste and scrap‘ (3.95 percent). On the other hand, highest rate of overall separation was recorded in industry group '142-Mining & quarrying n.e.c.' (105.70 percent), whereas, the lowest rate of separation was reported in industry group '243-Manufacture of man-made fibers‘ (5.80 percent).  Out of 62 industry groups, separation rate was higher than accession rate atleast in 30 industry groups, meaning thereby, net decrease in employment of directly employed regular workers during 2000 in the industry.

3.3         Labour Turnover in Sectors by States

State-wise and Sector-wise Labour Turnover amongst directly employed regular workers during the year 2000 is presented in Table 3.1.3.  At all India level, the rate of accession was highest at 21.58 percent in Private Sector, followed by 19.51 percent in Joint Sector and merely 9.36 percent in Public Sector.  The highest rate of separation was reported in Joint Sector (22.08 percent), followed by Private Sector (20.57 percent) and Public Sector (14.84 percent).  It is observed that Public Sector and Joint Sector showed a decrease in employment of directly employed workers by 5.48 percent and 3.57 percent, respectively, during the year, whereas, in Private Sector a marginal increase in employment of such workers at the rate of 1.01 percent was recorded.

In Public Sector, the highest rate of accession at 84.21 percent was observed in Gujarat, whereas, the lowest rate of 0.80 percent accession was observed in Madhya Pradesh. In Joint sector, the highest rate of accession at 41.28 percent was observed in Maharashtra, whereas, the lowest rate of 0.38 percent accession was recorded in Jharkhand.  In Private Sector, the highest and lowest rates of accession were reported in Punjab (48.98 percent) and Assam (6.76 percent).

The highest and lowest separation rates, in Public Sector, like accession rates, were again observed in Gujarat (61.38 percent) and Madhya Pradesh (1.61 percent), respectively.  In Joint Sector, the highest rate of separation (77.78 percent) was also recorded in Gujarat, whereas, the lowest rate (0.38 percent) was again reported in Jharkhand.  In Private Sector, like accession rate, the highest and lowest separation rates were again reported in Punjab (43.18 percent) and Assam (3.87 percent), respectively.

3.4         Labour Turnover in Sectors by Industry

Industry-wise and Sector-wise Labour Turnover amongst directly employed regular workers in 2000 is presented in Table 3.1.4.  In Public Sector, the highest rate of accession (112.68 percent) was observed in industry group '160-Manufacture of tobacco products', whereas, the lowest rate (0.35 percent) was recorded in industry group '289-Manufacture of other fabricated metal products, metal working service activities'. In Joint Sector, the highest rate of accession (109.09 percent) was recorded in industry group '202-Manufacture of products of wood, cork, straw and plaiting materials', whereas, the lowest rate (1.99 percent) was recorded in industry group '171-Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles'.  In Private Sector, the highest accession rate (80.96 percent) was observed in industry group '014-Agriculture and animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities', whereas, the lowest rate (3.95 percent) was observed in industry group '371-Recycling of metal waste and scrap‘.

On the other hand, the rate of separation in Public Sector, was the highest (77.03 percent) in industry group '252-Manufacture of plastic products' and the lowest (0.81 percent) in industry group '251-Manufacture of rubber products'.  In Joint Sector, the highest rate of separation (101.09 percent) was observed in industry group '014-Agriculture and animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities', whereas, the lowest rate (0.34 percent) was reported in industry group '242-Manufacture of other chemical products'.  In Private Sector, separation rate was the highest (105.70 percent) in industry group '142-Mining and quarry n.e.c.' and the lowest (5.80 percent) in industry group '243-Manufacture of man-made fibres'.

TABLES